بررسی تاثیر معاملات غیرعادی معامله‌گران آگاه بر نقدشوندگی سهام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حسابداری دانشکده حسابداری و مدیریت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت

2 دانشیارمالی دانشگاه پیام نور رشت

3 استادیار مدیریت بازرگانی، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده حسابداری و مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحدرشت

4 استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر معاملات غیر عادی معامله‌گران آگاه بر نقد شوندگی سهام می‌پردازد. در این پژوهش از نوسان در حجم معاملات غیر عادی سهامداران حقوقی قبل از مجمع عمومی صاحبان سهام جهت اندازه‌گیری رفتار متفاوت معامله‌گران آگاه استفاده شده است. همچنین برای اندازه‌گیری نقد شوندگی سهام از دو شاخص ارزش معاملات و نسبت روزهای باز معاملاتی استفاده شده است. برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، 123 شـرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در بازة زمانی 1391 تا 1396 انتخاب گردید و با استفاده از رویکرد داده‌های ترکیبی، فرضیه‌های پژوهش آزمون شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بین معاملات غیر عادی معامله‌گران آگاه و نقد شوندگی سهام رابطه معنی‌داری وجود ندارد. این موضوع می‌تواند نشان‌دهنده رفتار ناهمگن سهامداران حقوقی (به عنوان یکی از قدرتمندترین بازارگردان ‌های بازار سرمایه) در رابطه با نقد شوندگی سهام باشد و نتیجه آن نارضایتی سهامداران خرد برخی از شرکت‌ها خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of Abnormal trades of informed traders on stock liquidity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed reza Seyed NezhadFahim 1
  • Mehdi Meshki Miyavaghi 2
  • Ebrahim Chirani 3
  • Gholamreza Mahfoozi 4
1 Department of Accounting, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Faculty of accounting, payame Noor University, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of accounting and management, Rasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.itical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study investigates the effect of abnormal trades of informed traders on stock liquidity. In this study, fluctuations in the volume of abnormal trades of legal Shareholders before the date of the General meeting were used to measure the different behavior of the informed traders. Also, to measure liquidity of stock, two indicators of the trading value and the open trading days were used. In order to achieve the research goal, 123 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2017 were selected. Using the combined data approach, research hypotheses were tested. Findings of the research indicate that there is not a significant relationship between of abnormal trades of informed traders and stock liquidity. This may reflect the heterogeneous behavior of legal stakeholders (as one of the most powerful market players in the capital market) in relation to stock liquidity, resulting in the dissatisfaction of some small shareholders.
 
1- Introduction
Considering Iran capital market perspective document, this market may become the Islamic finance center in the Middle East. This case requires the protection of all investors through organizing, maintaining and developing a transparent, fair and efficient market of all securities. Transparency and reduction of information asymmetry cause a reduction in the risk in capital market leading to an increase in the attraction of investors in this market. There are two types of traders based on asymmetric information models. Informed Traders who act strategically and scheme or hide their identities to take advantage of their information, and Uninformed Traders who deal with liquidity needs or rebalance their stock portfolios. Recognition of informed trader reaction to informational environment changes is at least important for three reasons. First, it obviously indicates that traders know how to trade and benefit from the information advantages. Second, it informs about market performance in using information that is not available for most participants. Third, it helps us to understand better the interactions between different types of information analysts in financial markets; people who have a high degree of secrecy or upper capability in interpreting the results, compared to ordinary investors, seeing the market predicting errors and investing accordingly. Supposedly this greater knowledge leads to a very different business behavior by market participants, which affects the abnormal investment volume and abnormal returns prior to the announcement of profit.
Moreover, liquidity is one of the important aspects of financial markets for investors, researchers and market regulators. Reducing liquidity is recognized as one of the main factors involved in the financial crisis of 2007-2009. Historically emerging markets have less liquidity than their developed counterparts, but this trend has been accompanied by a large increase in the integration of markets. The weakness of the supportive laws of investors leads to information asymmetry, which plays a crucial role in fluctuating liquidity. Our study, for the first time, attempts to explore whether Abnormal trades of informed traders maybe an underlying determinant of liquidity.
 
2- Hypotheses
Based on the theoretical literature and the conducted studies, research hypotheses were developed as follows:
H1: There is a significant negative relationship between abnormal trades of informed traders and trading value.
H2: There is a significant negative relationship between abnormal trades of informed traders and open trading Days.
 
3- Methods
The research methodology is a quantitative research that adopts the scientific method and empirical evidence, based on hypotheses and ex-post research designs. This type of research is utilized when criteria data quantitative are used. In this research, the data of 123 companies are analyzed for the period of 2012-2017. The related data were collected through the observation of Iranian database of the Tehran Stock Exchange, annual data files and accompanying notes as found on www.tsetmc.com. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (i.e., mean, maximum, minimum and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (i.e., unit root test, enter multiple linear regression and analysis of variance) are used. Collected data were calculated via the Excel software and were analyzed using Eviews.
In this study, we use abnormal legal trade as independent variable. One of the items listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange site is the amount of traded stock by legal and real persons per day for each trading symbol. It is assumed that in transactions, legal traders have more information than real traders. Because, in addition to the ability of legal traders to acquire more private information, they have also more funds for information and there are more diverse ways to get information. Therefore, the abnormal entry into a share or abnormal exhaust from a share by the legal (traders) would have an important message for other traders. In this study, the volatility of the shareholder's trading volume was used within 14 business days before the date of the general meeting to calculate the abnormal trades of informed traders.
 
4- Results
Findings of the research indicate that there is no significant relationship between the abnormal trades of informed traders and trading value. In addition, there is not a significant relationship between the abnormal trades of informed traders and the open trading Days. As a result, no significant relationship was found between the abnormal trades of informed traders and the Selected Indicators of Liquidity.
 
5- Discussion and Conclusion
Uninformed shareholders, who are usually small shareholders, expect legal shareholders to buy or sell shares, in times that information asymmetry is high and the market-leading atmosphere could lead to the sale or buy shares line, stocks to prevent price bubble or a sharp drop in stock prices.
In Iran, unlike some legal stakeholders who carry out this task well to maintain the real value of the stock, some other legal shareholders' use of secret information, has made abnormal trades causing heavy losses to small shareholders, which will result in their exit from this market. On the other hand, some companies have legal shareholders who are indifferent to the changes in the company's information environment and do not react, which also leads to dissatisfaction for small shareholders. Therefore, one of the reasons for rejecting the hypotheses of this research can be heterogeneity in the goals and behavior of legal shareholders. Supporting investors is an important indicator of a business environment, which is known as an indicator of corporate governance standards status and ease of access to financial resources in the capital market. Whenever the support of small shareholders is greater, the level of investment in capital markets will be more. The proper establishment of corporate governance mechanisms will result in the optimal attraction and allocation of resources, increased operational efficiency, stakeholder rights and the growth of sustainable investment by attracting investors' confidence. To achieve this goal, authorities and policymakers making a legal and monitoring environment should provide a secure environment for economic activity and investment for investors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Informed Traders
  • Legal Shareholders
  • Trading Value
  • Open Trading Days
حیدری، مهدی، قادری، بهمن و رسولی، پیمان (1395). بررسی تأثیر کیفیت حسابرسی بر هزینه‌های نمایندگی و عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی: رویکرد الگوسازی معادلات ساختاری، فصلنامه بررسی‌های حسابداری و حسابرسی، 23(3)، 353 - 372.
خدارحمی، بهروز، فروغ نژاد، حیدر، شریفی، محمدجواد و طالبی، علیرضا (1395). تأثیر عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی بر ریسک سقوط آتی قیمت سهام شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، مدیریت دارایی و تأمین مالی، 4(3)، 39 - 58.
شمس‌الدینی، مصطفی، شهیکی تاش، محمدنبی و خداداد کاشی، فرهاد (1396). سنجش احتمال معامله آگاهانه (PIN) و رابطه آن با انحرافات روزانه بازده سهام در شرکت‌های منتخب فعال در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، فصلنامه پژوهش‌ها و سیاست‌های اقتصادی، ۲۵ (۸۳)،۲۸۵ - ۳۰۹.
عباسی، ابراهیم و معلمی، فاطمه (1392). بررسی تأثیر توقف موقت معاملات بر نقدشوندگی و نوسان پذیری قیمت سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، راهبرد مدیریت مالی، 1(3)، 45 -63.
کردستانی، غلامرضا و موسویان خلیل‌آباد، سید حمیدرضا (1392). رقابت بین سرمایه‌گذاران آگاه برای کسب اطلاعات محرمانه و قیمت‌گذاری عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی، مدیریت دارایی و تأمین مالی، 1(2)، 12۷ - 144.
وکیلی‌فرد، حمیدرضا، جولا، جعفر و بابایی، حمیدرضا (1393). بررسی تأثیر حجم‌مبنا بر میزان بازدهی و نقدشوندگی سهام شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، راهبرد مدیریت مالی، 2(4)، 59-73.
 Abad, D., Sánchez‐Ballesta, J. P., & Yagüe, J. (2017). Audit opinions and information asymmetry in the stock market. Accounting & Finance, 57(2), 565-595.
Abbasi, E., & Moallemi, F. (2013). The survey on the impact of trading halts on liquidity and price volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange. Financial Management Strategy, 1(3), 45-63. (In Persian)
Acheson, G. G., Coyle, C., & Turner, J. D. (2018). Prices and informed trading: Evidence from an early stock market (No. 2018-05). QUCEH Working Paper Series.
Amiram, D., Owens, E., & Rozenbaum, O. (2016). Do information releases increase or decrease information asymmetry? New evidence from analyst forecast announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics62(1), 121-138.‌
Anifowose, M. (2012). Information asymmetric effect on the stock return volatility in Nigerian capital market. Accounting Frontier, 14(2), 47-64.
Athanasakou, V. E., Strong, N. C., & Walker, M. (2016). Asymmetric information flows.‌ Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract =2799681
Bhaumik, S., Karanasos, M., & Kartsaklas, A. (2016). The informative role of trading volume in an expanding spot and futures market. Journal of Multinational Financial Management35(2), 24-40.‌
 
Borovkova, S., & Xiaobo, D. (2015). News Sentiment, Factor Models and Abnormal Stock Returns. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org /10.2139/ssrn.2695360
Chen, Y., Kelly, B., & Wu, W. (2018). Sophisticated Investors and Market Efficiency: Evidence from a Natural Experiment (No. w24552). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Chiyachantana, C. N., Nuengwang, N., Taechapiroontong, N., & Thanarung, P. (2013). The effect of information disclosure on information asymmetry. Investment Management and Financial Innovations2013(1), 225-234.‌
Chung, J. M., Kang, M., & Kim, J. W. (2017). Order type selection of informed investors around earning announcements. Korean Financial Society Conference, 849-903.
Dymke, B. M., & Walter, A. (2008). Insider trading in Germany—Do corporate insiders exploit inside information?  Business Research1(2), 188-205.‌
Heidari, M., Qaderi, B., & Rasouli, P. (2016). The effect of audit quality on agency costs and information asymmetry: structural equation modeling approach. Accounting and Auditing Review, 23(3), 3533-372. (In Persian)
Hvidkjær, S., Massa, M., & Rzeznik, A. (2018). Informed trading and Co-Illiquidity. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract =1799675
Karaa, R., Slim, S., & Hmaied, D. M. (2013). Trading Intensity and Informed Trading in the Tunis Stock Exchange. Emerging Markets and the Global Economy: A Handbook.
Khodarahmi, B., Foroughnejad, H., Sharifi, M., & Talebi, A. (2016). The impact of information asymmetry on the future stock price crash risk of listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Asset Management and Financing. 4(3), 39-58. (In Persian)
kordestani, G., & Mosaviyan Khalil Abad, H. R. (2013). Competition between informed investors over information and the pricing of information asymmetry. Asset Management and Financing, 1(2), 127-144. (In Persian)
Lee, D. H., Kim, M. K., & Kim, T. S. (2016). Abnormal Trading Volume and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.‌ KAIST College of Business Working Paper Series No. 2016-008. Retrieved from  http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2812010.
Lee, K. H., Powell, L. M., Nguyen, L., & Eryilmaz, E. (2018). The Strategic Responses from Sophisticated Investors to Inaccurate Forecast of Financial Analysts. Accounting and Finance Research7(1), 272-288.‌
Lin, T. J., Chen, Y. P., & Tsai, H. F. (2017). The relationship among information asymmetry, dividend policy and ownership structure. Finance Research Letters20(1), 1-12.
Lof, M., & Van Bommel, J. (2018), Asymmetric Information and the Distribution of Trading Volume. Bank of Finland Research Discussion Paper No. 1/2018. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com /abstract=3106595
Ma, R., Anderson, H. D., & Marshall, B. R. (2018). Stock market liquidity and trading activity: Is China different? International Review of Financial Analysis, 56(2), 32-51.
Qiu, L. (2014). Earnings announcement and abnormal return of S&P 500 Companies (Doctoral dissertation, Honors Thesis, Economics Department, Washington University. Retrieved from https:// economics. wustl. Edu/files/economics/imce/luke_qiu_-_final. Pdf).
Shamsoddini, M., Shahiki Tash, M. N., & Khodadad Kashi, F. (2017). Measuring the probability of informed trading (PIN) and its relationship with daily return variation in selected firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies25(83), 285-309. (In Persian)
Shin, H., & Oh, H. (2017). The Effect of Accruals Quality on the Association between Voluntary Disclosure and Information Asymmetry in Korea. Journal of Applied Business Research33(1), 223-236.
Slim, S., & Dahmene, M. (2016). Asymmetric information, volatility components and the volume–volatility relationship for the CAC40 stocks. Global Finance Journal29(1), 70-84.‌
The World Bank, (2018). Aviailable from: http://www.doingbusiness.org.
Vakilifard, H., Joola, J., & Babaei, H. (2014). Studying the influence of base volume on stock returns and liquidity in Tehran stock exchange. Financial Management Strategy. 2(4), 59-73. (In Persian)
Venkatesh, P. C., & Chiang, R. (1986). Information asymmetry and the dealer's bid‐ask spread: a case study of earnings and dividend announcements. The Journal of Finance, 41(5), 1089-1102.‌
Wael, L. (2004). Market reaction to annual earnings announcements: the case of Euronext Paris. EFMA 2004 Basel Meetings Paper. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2139/ ssrn.498502
Wang, K. T., & Wang, W. W. (2017). Competition in the stock market with asymmetric information. Economic Modelling, 61(2), 40-49.