The Investigating of Relationship Tax Avoidance and Managerial Empire-Building, Considering Corporate Social Responsibility

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Accounting, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

2 Master of Accounting, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Accounting, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. a.rahimi@uk.ac.ir

Abstract

Tax avoidance legally creates economic resources. Agency theory states that due to the conflict of interests between the manager and the owner, these resources lead to the manager's opportunistic behavior, such as empire-building. Attending to all the stakeholders is a must in the stakeholder theory and The purpose of social responsibility is to align the interests of managers and shareholders. Thus, the research motives to empirically investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and managerial empire-building by considering corporate social responsibility. The statistical sample of this research is by systematic elimination method and includes 810 firm-year observations obtained from companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from 2013 to 2022. Examining the research hypotheses using multivariable regression showed that tax avoidance significantly increases managerial empire-building activities. In addition, it found that corporate social responsibility weakens the relationship between tax avoidance and managerial empire-building

Keywords

Main Subjects


Agrawal, k. k. (2007). Corporate tax planning. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1, 3-11.
Asian, A., Uche, T. (2018). Corporate tax and corporate social responsibility of firms in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 9(10), 121-142.
Atwood, T., Lewellen, C. (2019). The complementarity between tax avoidance and manager diversion: Evidence from tax haven firms. Contempprary Accounting Research, 36, 259-294.
Avishek, B., David, J. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and capital allocation efficiency. Journal of Corporate Finance, 43(3), 354-377.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Cao, J., Haji, A.A., Hu, J. (2024). The effect of mandatory CSR disclosures on corporate tax avoidance: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Journal of International Accounting Research, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=
Chatterjee, S., Hasan, I., John, K., Yan, A. (2021). Stock liquidity, empire building, and valuation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 70(2021), 102051.
Chen, K.-P., Chu, C.C. (2005). Internal control versus external manipulation: A model of corporate income tax evasion. The RAND Journal Of Economics, 36(1), 151-164.
Crocker, K.J., Slemrod, J. (2005). Corporate tax evasion with agency costs. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9-10), 1593-1610.
DeAngelo, H., Masulis, R.W. (1980). Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation. Journal of Financial Economics, 8(1), 3-29.
Desai, M., Dharmapala, D. (2006). Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1), 145–179.
Desai, M.A., Dharmapala, D. (2009). Corporate tax avoidance and firm value. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 537-546.
Desai, M.A., Dyck, A., Zingales, L. (2007). Theft and taxes. Journal of Financial Economics, 84(3), 591-623.
Fama, E., Jensen, M. (1983). Separation of ownership and control . Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325.
Fombrun, C.J., Gardberg, N.A., Sever, J.M. (2000). The reputation quotient SM: a multi stakeholder measure of corporate reputation. The Journal of Brand Management, 7(4), 241–255.
Freeman, R., Reed, D. (1983). Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review, 25(3), 88–106.
Freeman, R.E. (1984). Strategic management: a stakeholder approach, Pitman Publishing Inc.
Gantchev, N., Sevilir, M., Shivdasani, A. (2019). Activism and empire building. Journal of Financial Economics, 138(2), 526-548.
Godfrey, P.C. (2005). The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30(4), 777–798.
González, E.L., Ferrero, J.M Meca, E.G. (2018). Does corporate social responsibility affect tax avoidance: Evidence from family firms. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental, 26(4),819-831.
Graham, J.R., Tucker, A.L. (2006). Tax shelters and corporate debt policy. Journal of Financial Economics, 81(3), 563-594.
Gul, F. A., Krishnamurti, C., Shams, S., Chowdhury, H. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, overconfident ceos and empire building: agency and stakeholder theoretic perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 111(2020), 52-68.
Hanlon, M., Heitzman, Sh. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2-3), 127-178.
Hanlon, M., Slemrod, J. (2009). What does tax aggressiveness signal? Evidence from stock price reactions to news about tax shelter involvement. Journal of Public Economics, 93(1-2), 126-141.
Hoi, C.K., Wu, Q., Zhang, K. (2013). Is corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with tax avoidance? Evidence from irresponsible CSR activities. The Accounting Review, 88(6), 2025–2059.
Hope, O.-K., Thomas, W.B. (2008). Managerial empire building and firm disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(3), 591-626.
Jensen, M.C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. American Economic Review, 76(2), 323-329.
Jensen, M. C., Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Jiang, W., Zhang, C,. Si, C. (2022). The real effect of mandatory csr disclosure: evidence of corporate tax avoidance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179(2022), 121646.
Laguir, I., Staglianò, R., Elbaz, J. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility affect corporate tax aggressiveness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 662–675.
Levi, M., Li, K., Zhang, F. (2014). Director gender and mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 28(5), 185-200.
Mahon, J.F. (2002). Corporate reputation: A research agenda using strategy and stakeholder’s literature. Business & Society, 21(4), 415–444.
Masulis, R.W., Wang, C., Xie, F. (2007). Corporate governance and acquirer returns. The Journal of Finance, 62(4), 1851-1889.
Mgbame, C., Chijoke, M., Yekini, S., Yekini, C. (2017). Corporate social responsibility performance and tax aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 9(8), 101-108.
Mishra, D. R., Sodok, E. Gh., Omran, G., Chuk, C. (2011). Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of capital?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(9), 2388- 2406.
Namazi, M., & Namazi, N.R. (2016). Conceptual analysis of moderator and mediator variables in business research. Procedia Economics and Finance, (36), 540-554.
Nasr, H. (2010). Corporate social responsibility disclosure:an examination of framework of determinants and consequences. Doctoral thesis, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses ,Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/480/.
Natalia, M., Verani C., & Joni, J. (2021). Relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure, corporate governance, and tax avoidance. Kinerja, 25(1),79-90.
Preuss, L. (2010). Tax avoidance and corporate social responsibility: You cannot do both, or can you? Corporate Governance, 10(4), 365–374.
Schulze, W.S., Lubatkin, M.H., Dino, R.N. (2003). Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 473–490.
Schumpeter, J.A., Nichol, A. (1934). Robinson's economics of imperfect competition. Journal Political Economy, 42(2), 249-259.
Shams, Syed., Bose, S., Gunasekarage, A. (2022). Does corporate tax avoidance promote managerial empire building. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 18(1), 1-27.
Sikka, P. (2010). Smoke and mirrors: Corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance—A reply to Hasseldine and Morris. Accounting Forum, 37(1), 15–38.
Slemrod, J. (2004). The economics of corporate tax selfishness. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 57(4), 877-899.
Stulz, R. (1990). Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 26(1), 3-27.
Turker, D. (2009). Measuring corporate social responsibility: a scale development study. Journal of Business Ethics. 85(4), 411-27.
Wilson, R.J. (2009). An examination of corporate tax shelter participants. Accounting Review, 84, 969–999.