پیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009Financial Ratios and Cost of Equityنسبت های مالی و هزینه سهام عادی12651210.22099/jaa.2012.512FAقاسم بولوامیر افسرJournal Article20110315<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em>
<em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em>
Extended Abstract
Financial Ratios and Cost of Equity
Dr. G. Blue Dr. A. Afsar
University of Allameh Tabatabai University of Qom
A. M. Tahmasebzadeh
Securities & Exchange Organization
Introduction
Fund or capital which is needed to finance a business or invest in a plan is prepared by different groups, those groups expecting a significant rate of return. Cost of equity of a business is equal to the minimum expected returns which a plan should include, and in this case investors will become eager to pay their fund for business. Research shows that various factors have effect on expected rate of return. Basu (1977) mentioned in his studies that those stocks that have larger P/E ratios will have a larger expected return. Bhandari (1988) described in his studies that depth ratio to total equity of shareholders as one of leverage ratios, have a relationship with expected return. Therefore, investors according to financial information published by companies and analyzing them through financial ratios, estimate risk of investment in companies and according to it, they demand specified expected return of their investment. And this rate is what we called cost of investment. Depending on the importance of the mentioned points, this research is representing the relationship between financial ratio and cost of stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange.
Hypothesis
1- There is a significant relationship between liquidity ratios and cost of equity
2- There is a significant relationship between profitability ratios and cost of equity
3- There is a significant relationship between net cash flows From operating activities to operation profit Ratio and cost of equity
4- There is a significant relationship between leverage ratios and cost of equity
5- There is a significant relationship between market ratios and cost of equity
6- There is a significant relationship between return of Shareholders equity and cost of equity
7- There is a significant relationship between return of asset and cost of equity
Methods
In this research we studied the relationship between financial ratios and the cost of equity during the period of 1382 to 1388. A sample of 60 TSE listed companies was selected and tested. Gordon Model was used to calculate equity cost and Multivariate Regression Model was used to test and analyze the hypothesis
Results, discussion and conclusion
The results of this research show that at a confidence level of 95%, there is a significant relationship between liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratios, market ratios, and cost of equity.
بر اساس مدل قیمتگذاری داراییهای سرمایهای، تنها عامل مؤثر بر تصمیم سرمایهگذاران ریسک سیستماتیک میباشد. تحقیقهای مختلف نشان داد که عوامل دیگری در کنار عامل ریسک بازار به عنوان عوامل تعیینکننده بازده مورد انتظار سرمایهگذاران نقش دارد. این تحقیق به بررسی رابطه بین نسبتهای مالی و هزینه سهام عادی، طی دوره 1388-1382 میپردازد. نمونه آماری تحقیق شامل 60 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران میباشد. جهت محاسبه هزینه سرمایه از مدل گوردون و برای تجزیه و تحلیل و آزمون فرضیهها از مدل رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان میدهد که در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد بین نسبتهای نقدینگی، نسبت سودآوری، نسبتهای اهرمی، نسبتهای بازار، و هزینه سهام عادی رابطه معنی وجود دارد.پیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009A Study of the Effects of Company Size on Systematic Risk Based on the Capital Asset Pricing Modelمطالعهی اثرات اندازهی شرکت برریسک نظام مند مبتنی بر مدل قیمتگذاری داراییهای سرمایهای274751310.22099/jaa.2012.513FAیوسف جلیلیانکارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاهفرهاد شاه ویسیاستادیار گروه حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاهJournal Article20110317<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em>
<em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em>
Extended Abstract
A Study of the Effects of Company Size on Systematic Risk Based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model
Y. Jalilian Dr. F. Shahveisi
Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch
Introduction
Investment is one of the fundamental and crucial elements in the process of economical development of any countries. Stock markets as the symbol of investing fluctuate due to economical changes. Investing managers, managers and other people exchange their stock and other properties in this market. In order to sustain their funds and gain more profits these investors need to scrutinize factors affecting these markets under different economical situations. They try to invest their properties to gain the most profits and the least risk. Systematic risk (beta) as one of the most effective factors in predicting the appropriate required rate of return of portfolios helps investors in this regard. Understanding systematic risk of usual portfolio of various companies, investors consider financial investment more confidentially.
Research questions and hypotheses
The aim of the present study was to investigate any significant relationship between company sizes (Market value of stocks, Book value of stocks, level of company sale, and trade volume of stocks) and ratio of price on benefit as an independent variable and systematic risk of usual portfolio as a dependent variable. The study includes one main hypothesis and five minor hypotheses. The main hypothesis states that there is a significant relationship between company size and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
The other research hypotheses are as follows
1) There is a significant relationship between market value of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
2) There is a significant relationship between book value of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
3) There is a significant relationship between level of company sale and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
4) There is a significant relationship between trade volume of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
5) There is a significant relationship between prices to earnings per share ration P/E systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model.
Method
This research is an applied research because the results of the study can directly be applied for analysis of the amount of stock systematic risk from financial lists. According to the types of variables regression and correlation coffined equations were applied in this research. The statistical sample of this study was all accepted companies in Tehran stock markets. 112 companies were selected according to systematic deletion rule based on screening financial lists. The study covered the period of 1383-87. The research hypotheses were tested with Pearson correlation to find any relationship. To measure the impact of each variables individually on dependent variable step by step regression analysis using the least square in the level of 95, Coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination index (R2) were used. SPSS and Excel were applied for presenting statistical graphs, tables, modeling and analysis of data.
Results
The findings of the research revealed that there is no relationship between market value of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model CAPM. No relationship was found between book value of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model. Moreover, the data showed that there is a significant relationship between level of company sale and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model. The analysis of data disclosed that there is a significant relationship between trade volume of stocks and systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model. However, no relationship was found between price to earnings per share ration P/E systematic risk based on thecapital asset pricing model. Based on step by step regression results it become clear that two variables--level of company sale and trade volume of stocks--which had significant relationship with systematic risk can predict 0.0317 systematic risk fluctuations.
Discussion and Conclusion
The impacts of factors such as company size on systematic risks can shed some lights on this issue and guide investors to experience less risks. The sufficient information regarding company size and beta factor and the ease of their calculation persuade other researchers to study these concepts in depth. The empirical results provided support for significant relationship between variables; however some of these relationships were not significant and were not reliable. In other words, the under investigated variables could not meet more that 0.317 systematic risk changes. Although linear regression was applied to predicting the relationship between variables in this study, it is suggested to use non-linear, second level, algorithmic equation for further research because weak or no relationship in linear method does not indicate the lack of correlation or no significant relationship among variables.
ریسک نظاممند یکی از عوامل مؤثر در پیشبینی بازده مورد انتظار سهام می باشد، بهطوری که آگاهی از ریسک سیستماتیک سهام عادی، به سرمایهگذار در اتخاذ تصمیم مطلوبتر کمک خواهد کرد. تحقیق حاضر به مطالعهی وجود رابطهی بین اندازهی شرکت و نسبت قیمت به سود سهام به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل، و ریسک سیستماتیک بعنوان متغیر وابسته پرداخته است. ارزش بازار سهام، ارزش دفتری سهام، سطح فروش شرکت و حجم معاملات سهام به عنوان شاخصهای اندازه شرکت درنظر گرفته شدهاند. جامعهی آماری این تحقیق شامل کلیه شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران میباشد که با در نظر گرفتن چهار معیار محدودکننده و با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری حذف سیستماتیک، تعداد 112 شرکت به عنوان اعضای نمونه انتخاب، و براساس اطلاعات مالی آنها در فاصلهی زمانی بین سالهای 1383 الی 1388 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. برای سنجش وجود و میزان رابطه بین متغیرها، از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بهره گرفته و برای سنجش اثر هر متغیر بصورت جداگانه بر متغیر وابسته، از آزمونهای آمار استنباطی تحلیل رگرسیون قدم به قدم، به کمک روش حداقل مربعات در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد، ضریب تعیین، ضریبتعیین تعدیل شده و اندازهی استفاده شده است.نتایج حاصل از بررسی یافتهها، بیانگر وجود رابطهی معنیدار بین متغیرهای مورد مطالعه میباشد. البته شدت این رابطه با توجه به میزان همبستگی متغیرها قوی نبوده و نمیتواند چندان قابل اتکا باشد به عبارتی متغیرهای مورد بررسی در نهایت نتوانستند بیش از 317% درصد تغییرات ریسک سیستماتیک را برآورد نمایند. <br /> پیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009Effective Factors on Disclosure Quality of the Firms
Listed in Tehran Stock Exchangeشناسایی و تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت افشای اطلاعات شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران497951410.22099/jaa.2012.514FAمحمد حسین ستایشاستادیار گروه حسابداری دانشگاه شیرازمصطفی کاظم نژاددانشجوی دکتری حسابداریJournal Article20110113<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em>
<em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em>
Extended Abstract
Effective Factors on Disclosure Quality of the Firms
Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Dr. M. H. Setayesh M. Kazemnejad
Shiraz University
Introduction
Since the 1960s there has been an increased interest in accounting disclosure studies. In broad terms two significantly different approaches to researching accounting disclosure have emerged in the literature. The first approach is primarily based on sending questionnaire forms to a number of financial accounting users requesting them to rank specified accounting items in accordance with their degree of importance for decision-making processes. The second group addresses the association between a constructed disclosure index of mandatory, voluntary or total accounting disclosure and certain firm characteristics. This paper pertains to the second group of accounting disclosure studies and uses the scores assigned to each firms by Securities and Exchange Organization as a disclosure quality measure. Two reasons contribute to the importance of this study. First, disclosure quality has been receiving an increasing amount of attention in recent accounting studies. Secondly, this study provides insight into how the effects of certain firm specific characteristics, namely structural and financial variables may hold up in other international financial reporting and regulatory jurisdictions.
Furthermore, the effects of audit firm size and “Implementary instruction of information disclosure for the firms listed in organization” on the disclosure quality of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) are investigated. The results of the analysis are expected to help explain the variation of current and prospective disclosure extent in light of the aforementioned firm-specific characteristics.
Research Hypotheses
Given the purpose of the study, ten following hypotheses are developed and tested by using data gathered from 149 Iranian companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period 1382 to 1387:
a) There is a significant relationship between structure-related variables anddisclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
1. There is a significant relationship between size and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
2. There is a significant relationship between age and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
3. There is a significant relationship between ownership structure and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
4. There is a significant relationship between board composition and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
5. There is a significant relationship between industry type and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
b) There is a significant relationship between financial-related variables anddisclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
6. There is a significant relationship between profitability and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
7. There is a significant relationship between financial leverage and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
8. There is a significant relationship between liquidity and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE.
C) There is a significant relationship between audit firm size and disclosurequality of the firms listed in TSE.
D) There is a significant relationship between “Implementary instruction ofinformation disclosure for the firms listed in organization” and disclosurequality of the firms listed in TSE.
Methods
Post event inquiry researches have been used in this study (using historical information). For statistical analysis and to test hypotheses, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation-test, single and stepwise multiple linear regression, analysis of variance and paired test) are used. For measuring audit firm size and ownership structure, dummy variables are used.
Results
The findings of simple regression indicate that disclosure quality has a significant positive relationship with age, liquidity, profitability and size of audit and also a significant negative relationship with financial leverage and family ownership. Based on paired test, “Implementary instruction of information disclosure for the firms listed in organization” has a positive significant effect on disclosure quality of the firms. Furthermore, based on analysis of variance, type of industry is an effective factor on disclosure quality. However, no evidence confirming significant correlation between size and board composition with disclosure quality is found. According to the results of stepwise multiple regression, the four variables, financial leverage, size of audit, profitability and size of firm, explained 12 percent of disclosure quality changes.
Discussion and Conclusion
Regarding the results of secondary hypotheses related to first main hypothesis, judging about this main hypothesis is difficult, because two hypotheses (of five secondary hypotheses) were rejected. However, confirming the secondary hypotheses related to second main hypothesis, this main hypothesis was confirmed. In other words, there is a significant relationship between financial related variables and disclosure quality of the firms listed in TSE. Furthermore, other main hypotheses (3 and 4) are confirmed. In other words, audit firm size and “Implementary instruction of information disclosure for the firms listed in organization” are effective factors on the disclosure quality of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).
هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت افشای اطلاعات در شرکت­های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران است. در این راستا، 149 شرکت در دوره زمانی 1382 الی 1387 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج رگرسیونی حاکی از آن است که کیفیت افشا رابطه مستقیم و معناداری با سابقه، نقدینگی، سودآوری و اندازه مؤسسه حسابرسی و همچنین رابطه معکوس و معناداری با اهرم مالی و مالکیت خانوادگی شرکت­های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران دارد. بر اساس نتایج آزمون مقایسه زوجی، تصویب "دستورالعمل اجرایی افشای اطلاعات شرکت­های ثبت شده نزد سازمان" تأثیر معناداری بر کیفیت افشای اطلاعات توسط شرکت­ها داشته و باعث بهبود آن شده است. افزون بر این، بر اساس آزمون تحلیل واریانس، نوع صنعت بر کیفیت افشا مؤثر است. با این وجود، شواهدی دال بر وجود رابطه معنادار بین کیفیت افشا با اندازه شرکت و ترکیب هیئت مدیره یافت نشد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چندگانه به روش گام به ­گام، چهار متغیر اهرم مالی، اندازه مؤسسه حسابرسی، سودآوری و اندازه شرکت، حدود 12 درصد از تغییرات کیفیت افشا را تبیین می­نمایندپیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009The Effect of Auditor Tenure on Audit Qualityتاثیر تداوم انتخاب حسابرس بر کیفیت حسابرسی8110951610.22099/jaa.2012.516FAسید حسین سجادیدانشیار گروه حسابداری دانشگاه شهید چمران اهوازحسن فرازمنداستادیار گروه اقتصادصادق قربانیکارشناس ارشد حسابداریJournal Article20110605<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em>
<em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em>
Extended Abstract
The Effect of Auditor Tenure on Audit Quality
Dr. S. H. Sajadi Dr. H. Farazmand S. Ghorbani
Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz
Introduction
High-profile corporate failures that occurred at the beginning of this century have raised concern about the reliability of companies’ financial statements. While the primary responsibility for preparing accurate financial statements rests with company management and boards, questions also have been raised about the quality and independence of external auditors. Regulators and standard setters have attempted to enhance audit quality through rules impacting on auditor independence (For example, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
One factor the regulators are concerned that may impair auditor’s independence is long auditor tenure (the length of the auditor – client relationship). Their concern is that as the auditor tenure gets longer, auditors are more likely to compromise on their client's accounting and reporting choices in order to retain the client. Mandatory rotation of audit firms for a particular audit client is suggested as a means of improving audit quality through maintained independence and new “fresh eyes” on audits. However, the accounting profession has strongly resisted mandatory audit firm rotation, with potentially high costs of transition being provided as the prominent reason. The proponents of mandatory auditor rotation thus argue that setting a limit on the period of years an audit firm may audit a particular company's financial statements will improve auditor independence and audit quality. The opponents, however, argue that as auditors gain more experience from auditing the same company over time, they have better knowledge to determine whether the company's accounting and reporting choices are proper. Their argument suggests an improvement in audit quality as the length of auditor tenure increases.
Following DeAngelo (1981) we define audit quality as the market-assessed joint probability that an auditor will discover a breach in a client’s accounting system, and conditional on discovery, report the breach. An important consideration in DeAngelo’s definition is the market-assessed probabilities, that is, it hinges on the market’s perception as to whether a given auditor will perform the audit competently and the perceived degree of auditor independence. On the other hand, the actual audit quality improves the reliability of financial information by reducing the noise contained in financial statements. Although the perceived auditor independence and competence may be positively correlated with actual auditor independence and competence, they are not necessarily the same. This study only examines levels of actual audit quality.
Research Questions or hypothesis
The main objective of this study is the investigation of the effect of auditor tenure on audit quality in firms listed in Tehran stock exchange. Therefore, we formulate the two following hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: Auditor tenure affects current accruals.
Hypothesis 2: Auditor tenure affects discretionary accruals.
Methods
Following Myers et al (1981) we use Discretionary and Current Accruals as proxies for audit quality:
Current Accruals<sub>i,t</sub> =((∆CA<sub> i,t</sub> - ∆CASH<sub> i,t</sub>) – (∆CL <sub>i,t</sub> - ∆STD <sub>i,t</sub>))
and
Discretionary Accruals<sub>i,t</sub> = Accruals <sub>i,t</sub> – β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub> ∆Revenue <sub>i,t</sub> + β<sub>2</sub> PPE <sub>i,t</sub>
where:
∆CA<sub> i,t</sub>:change in current assets; ∆CASH<sub> i,t</sub> : change in cash and cash equivalents; ∆CL <sub>i,t</sub>: change in current liabilities; ∆STD <sub>i,t</sub>: change in short-term notes and current portion of long-term debt; β<sub>i</sub>: coefficient estimates from an OLS regression by firm-year; Accruals <sub>i,t</sub>: operating income-cash flow from operations; ∆Revenue <sub>i,t</sub>: change in net sales revenue; and PPE <sub>i,t</sub>: property, plant, and equipment-net. We scale all variables by beginning book value of total assets.
For test hypothesis, We use the following regression:
Accruals<sub> i,t</sub> = α + β<sub>1</sub> Tenure <sub>i,t</sub> + β<sub>2 </sub>Size<sub> i,t</sub> + β<sub>3 </sub>Age <sub>i,t</sub> + β<sub>4 </sub>SCFO<sub> i,t</sub> + ε<sub> i,t</sub>
where:
Accruals<sub> i,t</sub>: Discretionary Accruals or Current Accruals; Tenure: the number of consecutive years that the firm has retained the auditor (We measure auditor tenure as of 1997); Age: the number of years for which total assets was reported; Size: the log of total assets; and SFCO: the firm's cash flow from operations divided by beginning book value of total assets.
In this research, data of 72 companies are analyzed for the period of 2010-2003 on panel data basis and by using of the system of pooled regressions.
Results
Multivariate results, controlling for firm age, size, cash flows, indicate that auditor tenure has no significant effect on audit quality. Therefore, research hypothesis isn't confirmed.
Discussion and Conclusion
While mandatory audit firm rotation is still under debate, prior studies have investigated the relation between audit firm tenure and audit quality. Most of studies find no evidence supporting the argument that audit quality decreases with audit firm tenure. Consistent with these studies, we find that auditor tenure has no significant effect on audit quality.
Given this result, there are minimal, if any, benefits of imposing mandatory audit firm rotation onto Iranian firms. Further, given the costs involved in switching auditor, it does not appear that mandatory audit firm rotation would be beneficial to the market. In order to address the concerns that have arisen around auditor independence and audit quality, other initiatives are more likely to have a greater impact than imposing mandatory audit firm rotation.
We note that as our sample cosists of only Iranian companies during a time period when periodic audit firm rotation is not mandatory, our result may not generalize to the setting in other countries or other setting that require periodic audit firm rotation.
JEL classification: M42
هدف تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تداوم انتخاب حسابرس بر کیفیت حسابرسی است. به همین منظور از دو معیار اقلام تعهدی جاری و اختیاری برای نشان دادن کیفیت حسابرسی استفاده شده است. در این تحقیق داده های مربوط به 72 شرکت برای دوره زمانی 1382-1388 به صورت ترکیبی و با استفاده از سیستم رگرسیون تلفیقی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان داد تداوم انتخاب حسابرس تاثیر معناداری بر کیفیت حسابرسی ندارد.پیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009The Concept of Materiality in Financial Statement Auditing and its Effect on Auditor, s Attention in Manager’s Fraud Detecting Processمفهوم اهمیت در حسابرسی صورتهای مالی و تأ ثیر آن بر توجه حسابرسان در فرآیند کشف تقلب مدیران11113551710.22099/jaa.2012.517FAداریوش فروغیاستادیار گروه حسابداریمحسن خالقیکارشناس ارشد حسابداریامیر رسائیانکارشناس ارشد حسابداری دانشگاه مازندرانJournal Article20110728<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em>
<em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em>
Extended Abstract
The Concept of Materiality in Financial Statement Auditing and its Effect on Auditor<sup>,</sup> s Attention in Manager’s Fraud Detecting Process
Dr. D. Foroghi M. Khaleghi,
Isfahan University Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch
A. Rasaiian
Mazandaran University
Introduction
The financial reporting system has always been confronted with crisis in attracting public trust. The increase in the number of managers' frauds which has often accompanied fracture of great companies with the world had caused some worries about quality of financial statement along. So, prevention or detection of fraud in financial statement has always been the focus of inventors, managers and auditors. Thus, because of its controlling trait (detecting & deterrent), using independent auditing services results in quality increase of financial statement creating enhanced value of accounting information. If the existence of some factors weakened auditing process, the effectiveness faces danger and this leads to a decrease of public trust, altering professional fame, spread of injustice and finally social damage.
This paper considers materiality in auditing which is based on difference in auditor's judgments as one of the effective factors of controlling trait independent auditing (detecting) and then identifies its effect on auditors' attention in managers' fraud detecting process.
Research Questions and Hypothesis
The main question of this paper is as follow:
Can materiality concept in auditing financial statements prevent of auditors attention to detect managers fraud?
Methods
Questionnaire and visual evidence devices were used for gathering information. Subjects for the experiment included 82 audit seniors and managers that are working in audit organization and 124 audit reports published by that organization through the years 1386 and 1387. In order to analyze data One-Sample T-Test, Hotelling T-Test, Paired Samples T-Test, Manova Test and One Sample Proportion Test were used.
Results
Results indicate that: Auditors consider higher risk of aggressive reporting for those quantitative samples that are more important and that they would pay more attention to the less important ones if they find out the manager's fraud. In other word, "the concept of materiality" in financial statement auditing prevents auditor's attention in manager's fraud detecting process.
Discussion and Conclusion
Survey of audit reports indicate that financial statement auditing process in Iran has lead to probable managers' fraud detecting at most in 6/3 percent of cases. This condition indicates that financial statement auditing process that is related to the manager's fraud detecting is not sufficiently effective.
در این پژوهش، مفهوم اهمیت در حسابرسی که مبنای قضاوت حسابرسان است، به عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر ویژگی کنترلی حسابرسی مستقل (کشف کنندگی) در نظر گرفته شده و تأثیر آن بر توجه حسابرسان در فرایند کشف تقلب مدیران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. <br /> به منظور گردآوری اطلاعات، از ابزار پرسشنامه و مشاهدۀ عینی شواهد (اسنادکاوی) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل حسابرسان شاغل در سازمان حسابرسی دارای رتبه سرپرست به بالا و گزارشهای حسابرسی منتشر شده توسط سازمان مذکور طی سالهای 1386 و 1387 بوده است. نمونههای مورد مطالعه شامل 82 نفر از مدیران و سرپرستان حسابرسی و تعداد 124 گزارش حسابرسی می باشد. نتایج پژوهش مؤید آن است که حسابرسان برای اقلامی که از نظر کمّی از اهمیت بالاتری برخوردار هستند احتمال بالاتری از گزارشگری متقلبانه در نظv میگیرند و زمانی حسابرسان به اقلام کم اهمیت توجه بیشتری مینمایند که قبلاً شواهدی حاکی از تقلب مدیران مشاهده کرده باشند. به عبارتی دیگر مفهوم اهمیت در حسابرسی صورتهای مالی، مانع توجه حسابرسان در فرایند کشف تقلب مدیران میگردد. بررسی گزارشهای حسابرسی نیز نشان داد که فرایند حسابرسی صورتهای مالی حداکثر در 3/6 در صد از موارد، مؤید کشف تقلب احتمالی مدیران میباشدپیشرفتهای حسابداری2008-99884120121009Extended Abstract
An Investigation of the University Affiliated and Practical University Accountants' View Points Towards the Status of the Public Sector Accounting in Iran’s Universitiesبررسی نگرش دانشگاهیان و حسابداران دانشگاه ها نسبت به وضعیت حسابداری دولتی در دانشگاه های ایران (مطالعهی موردی: دانشگاه های شیراز13716651910.22099/jaa.2012.519FAغلامحسین مهدویدانشیار بخش حسابداری دانشگاه شیرازنوید رضا نمازیکارشناس ارشد بخش حسابداری دانشگاه شیرازJournal Article20110807<em>Journal of Accounting Advances (J.A.A)</em> <br /><em>Vol. 4, No. 4, Spring & Summer, 2012, Ser. 62/3</em> <br /> <br /> <br />Extended Abstract <br /> <br />An Investigation of the University Affiliated and Practical University Accountants' View Points Towards the Status of the Public Sector Accounting in Iran’s Universities <br />(Case Study: Shiraz Universities) <br /> <br />Dr. G. H. Mahdavi N. R. Namazi <br />Shiraz University <br /> <br />Introduction <br />According to the preface to the Iranian Accounting Standards, the range of the application of the accounting standards is related to the preparation of the financial standards with the public aim of providing useful information about the financial situation, financial performance and flexibility of the business units for various decision makers (Iranian Accounting Standards, 2010: 5) <br />The purpose of this study is t find an answer for the question: Whether there is a significant difference between the points of view of the university academics and practitioners with respect to public promulgation of accounting standards of the universities. <br /> <br />Research Method <br />This Research is a survey study. The population of the study consists of 40 professors, M.A. and Ph.D. students of accounting at Shiraz University, 30 top financial managers of Shiraz University and 35 top financial managers of Shiraz Medical Sciences University. The information was obtained via a questioner. The validity of the questioner was tested with the "face validity" approach; its reliability was tested based upon the "Cronbach's Alpha". The reported Cronbach's Alpha was 90.2; thus, the questioner was a suitable means for gathering information. T-Test and ANOVA were employed as relevant statistical tools and they were processed with SPPSS-16 and Excel 2007. <br /> <br />Research Hypotheses <br />Given the objective of this study, the following hypotheses were developed: <br /> <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners with respect to the implementation of the public sector accounting standards of the universities. <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners with respect to the suitability of the accounting reporting in the universities. <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners with respect to the suitability of the responsibility function. <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners with respect to the improvements of the decision making models of public sector accounting. <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners with respect to the promulgation of the auditing standards for the universities. <br />There is a significant difference between the viewpoints of the accounting academics and practitioners of the Shiraz University and the practitioners of the Shiraz Medical Science University with respect to the implementation of the public sector accounting standards, suitability of the accounting reporting, suitability of the responsibility function, improvements of the decision making models of public sector accounting, promulgation of the auditing standards. <br /> <br /> <br />Findings <br />The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the viewpoints of accounting academics and practitioners, for the first and third hypothesis. <br />However, for the second, fourth and fifth hypothesis, the differences between viewpoints was significant. Also, there was no significant difference between the viewpoints of accounting academics and practitioners of the Shiraz University and the practitioners of the Shiraz Medical Science University for the sixth hypothesis. <br /> <br />Conclusion <br />Accounting academics and practitioners of Shiraz University as well as practitioners of Shiraz Medical Sciences University demand that special accounting and auditing standards be promulgated. Hence, it is suggested that Audit Organization of Iran should attempt to establish relevant public sector accounting and auditing standards. In addition, future accounting researchers could utilize the international accounting and auditing standards in order to recommend relevant public sector accounting and auditing standards for the universities. <br /> <br /> هدف این مقاله، بررسی نگرش دانشگاهیان و حسابداران دانشگاه­ها، نسبت به وضعیت حسابداری دولتی در دانشگاه­های ایران است. این مطالعه، از نوع پیمایشی-کاربردی است. جمعآوری اطلاعات، از طریق ارسال پرسش­نامه به دو گروه دانشگاهیان و افراد شاغل در امور مالی دانشگاه­های شیراز در سال 1389 انجام شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها، از روشهای آماری T-student وANOVA استفاده شده است. پژوهش در قالب 6 فرضیه، انجام شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که نگرش دانشگاهیان و حسابداران، در فرضیه­های اول و سوم، با هم تفاوت معناداری ندارد؛ اما در فرضیه­های دوم، چهارم و پنجم تفاوت معناداری دارد. افزون بر این، بین نگرش 3 گروه دانشگاهیان، حسابداران دانشگاه شیراز و حسابداران دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز در خصوص فرضیه­های اول تا پنجم، اختلاف معناداری وجود ندارد.